Beyond the Pink Ribbon

Authors: Anupama Jithesh, Dr. Sohaila Cheema, and Dr. Karima Chaabna

October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month. True awareness goes beyond understanding the risk factors. It means recognizing the signs and symptoms that require medical attention, knowing when and how to access screening and healthcare services, and helping others make informed decisions about their health.

Know your risk

Breast cancer can affect anyone, though it occurs predominantly in women. Approximately 99% of breast cancers occur in women, while 0.5-1% occur in men.

Risk factors include female sex, increasing age, obesity, family history of breast cancer, previous exposure to radiation, tobacco use, certain reproductive factors (such as starting periods before 12 years of age or reaching menopause after 55 years), excessive alcohol consumption, and postmenopausal hormone therapy. However, many individuals diagnosed with breast cancer have no identifiable risk factors. Having no known risk factors does not mean that a person cannot develop breast cancer.

Some genetic mutations greatly increase breast cancer risk. These include mutations in the BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2 genes. Individuals with a family history of breast cancer or known mutations in these genes should discuss their personal risk with a healthcare professional to determine whether genetic counseling, testing or enhanced surveillance may be appropriate.

Know the signs and symptoms

Breast cancer does not always cause noticeable symptoms and signs can vary from person to person. Being familiar with how your breasts normally look and feel can help you recognize changes that may warrant medical attention. Warning signs may include:

• A new lump in the breast or underarm (armpit).
• Thickening or swelling of any part of the breast.
• Irritation or dimpling of breast skin.
• Redness or flaky skin in the nipple area or the breast.
• Pulling in of the nipple or pain in the nipple area.
• Nipple discharge other than breast milk, including blood.
• Any change in the size or the shape of the breast.
• Pain in any area of the breast.

A change in the breast does not necessarily mean cancer. However, any new, persistent, or unusual change should be evaluated by a healthcare professional rather than ignored or self-diagnosed. This advice applies to men as well because breast cancer, although uncommon, can also occur in men.

Know the health system

In Qatar, the Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC) provides breast cancer screening through the “Screen for Life” early detection program. Women aged 45–69 years who do not have symptoms of breast cancer are recommended to have a mammogram every three years. Eligible women can access screening through an invitation from the service centre, a physician referral, or self-referral by directly calling 800 1112.

It is important to understand that screening and diagnostic testing are not the same. Screening is intended for people without symptoms and helps detect disease early. If you notice a new or unusual breast change, seek medical advice promptly rather than waiting for your next screening appointment.

Moving forward after breast cancer

A breast cancer diagnosis can affect many aspects of life, including physical health, emotional well-being, family relationships, work, and social roles. Access to practical, emotional, and healthcare support can make a meaningful difference throughout the cancer journey.

The Qatar Cancer Society provides a safe space for people affected by cancer and their families to share experiences, access support, express emotions, and build meaningful connections with others facing similar challenges.

Support needs often continue beyond active treatment. The Cancer Survivorship Program, delivered collaboratively by Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) and the Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC) supports cancer survivors as they transition beyond treatment. The program provides structured services that address long-term and late effects of cancer and its treatment, psychological and social well-being, and health education to help improve quality of life. PHCC has designated four health centres, Al Sadd, Al Meshaf, Al Khor and Al Waab, to support delivery of the Cancer Survivorship Program.

Know the facts

While advances in research continue to improve breast cancer prevention, detection, and treatment, misinformation remains common. Social media can help raise awareness, but it can also spread inaccurate health information. Before sharing or acting on information about breast cancer, take a moment to evaluate the source.

Ask yourself:

• Who produced the information?
• Is it based on scientific evidence?
• Is it trying to sell a product, supplement, or treatment?
• Does it discourage people from seeking appropriate medical care?

Rely on trusted and reliable sources of information, including the World Health Organization, Ministry of Public Health, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Understanding the facts and sharing reliable information can help people make informed decisions about their health.

A final message

Breast cancer can affect our lives regardless of who we are or where we live. Awareness, early detection, timely medical care, and access to support services can all make a difference. Be aware of how your breasts usually look and feel, attend recommended screening appointments, and seek medical advice if you notice any unusual changes.

Healthy lifestyle choices, including being physically active, eating a balanced diet, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding smoking and alcohol, can help reduce the risk of breast cancer while supporting overall health and well-being.

This Breast Cancer Awareness Month, let’s go beyond the pink ribbon: know your risk, know the signs and symptoms, know when and where to seek care and support. And help others by sharing accurate, evidence-based information.

Sources: World Health Organisation | Breast Cancer UK | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1 | Primary Health Care Corporation | Qatar Cancer Society | World Cancer Research Fund | Ministry Of Public Health | HMC | CDC2

Edited by: John Alexander Hayward