• Describe the importance of clinical skills, good history taking, and comprehensive physical examination in the diagnostic and therapeutic process even in the presence of numerous advances in technology.
• Identify and discuss evidence of declining clinical skills among medical students and physicians-in-training.

• Recognize common causes of red eye, eye pain, and visual disturbances in primary care presentations.
• Differentiate between benign and sight-threatening ocular conditions using key history and physical exam findings.
• Formulate an evidence-based approach to managing common eye complaints and determining appropriate referral urgency.

• Identify key clinical features and screening questions to recognize male body dysmorphia in primary care settings.
• Apply appropriate referral and management strategies for patients with suspected or confirmed male body dysmorphia.
• Recognize the negative impact of inappropriate use of performance enhancing drugs.

Child Psychiatry:

• Define Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and explain their relevance in the primary care setting.
• Describe the biological and psychosocial mechanisms through which ACEs influence chronic disease, mental health, and health behaviors.
• Recognize common clinical presentations and patterns in patients with a high ACE score.
• Apply trauma-informed care principles into everyday primary care practice.
• Identify tools and strategies for screening, patient education, and connecting patients to appropriate behavioral health and community resources.

Adult Psychiatry:

• Identify depression symptoms and how the presentation changes in older adults.
• Describe assessment and management challenges from both clinical and cultural aspect in this population. 
• Discuss advances in treatment. 
• Recognize existing resources and referral pathways to support this patient population

• Review current adult immunization guidelines, including updates for 2025.
• Identify key vaccines for high-risk groups, including immunocompromised, elderly, and pregnant patients.
• Recognize common barriers to vaccine uptake and how to address vaccine hesitancy.
• Apply clinical decision-making to real-world vaccine case scenarios (e.g., Tdap in pregnancy, pneumococcal in diabetes, HPV in older adults).

• Recognize key updates in managing common outpatient infections.
• Apply antimicrobial stewardship principles to improve antibiotic use in primary care.
• Summarize major 2025 vaccine updates.

• Discuss advances in breast imaging as well as changes in screening guidelines.
• Illustrate the importance of mammographic screening for breast cancer and it’s positive impact on breast cancer morbidity and mortality.
• Identify the primary care physician’s role in assessing a woman’s breast cancer risk and referring her for breast imaging accordingly.

• Compare the efficacy, risks, and long-term outcomes of pharmacologic versus surgical interventions for obesity management.
• Evaluate patient-specific factors that influence the choice between medical and surgical first-line therapies.
• Formulate evidence-based treatment plans for obesity tailored to individual patient profiles in the primary care setting.

• Apply evidence-based guidelines and clinical context to determine when abnormal lab results warrant further testing, monitoring, or specialist referral.
• Evaluate abnormal lab results to differentiate between cases requiring specialist input versus those manageable in primary care.

• Discuss challenges arising from gaps in communication between primary and secondary care.
• Identify opportunities to close such gaps using conventional and innovative solutions.